Cloudscraper HTTP/S-OPTIONS Flood attack is an HTTP flood designed to overwhelm web servers’ resources by continuously requesting a chosen URL from many attacking sources. This DDoS attack vector, although explained here by its HTTP nature, can be used by attackers over HTTPS as well – by encapsulating its packets with a secure protocol such as SSL/TLS.
Cloudscraper HTTP-OPTIONS Flood sends HTTP OPTIONS requests towards online web services. It can bypass CDN’s anti-bot protections by implementing multiple different parameters inside the HTTP packets of each request and is also able to pass successfully web-based challenges, making a CDN service deliver HTTP requests to the back-end origin server. When the servers’ limits of concurrent connections are reached, the server can no longer respond to legitimate requests from other users.
Technical Analysis
“Image 1 – TCP Handshake”
Before requesting an HTTP OPTIONS request from an online web service, a TCP connection between the client and the server is established, using 3-Way Handshake (SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK), seen in packets 97, 98, and 99 in Image 1. Once a TCP connection was established between the client and the server, an HTTP OPTIONS request will be transported inside a PSH, ACK packet from the client to the server, which can be seen in packet number 100 below. In this example, we tested this attack against a CDN-protected online web service.
“Images 2 & 3 – HTTP OPTIONS Flood by Cloudscraper”
As can be seen from images 2 and 3, multiple HTTP OPTIONS request packets were sent from the attacker to the server, opening a single TCP-based connection for each HTTP OPTIONS request. We can also see it takes time for the server to respond back to each HTTP OPTIONS request, but the attacker continues to flood it with more and more HTTP OPTIONS requests until the server can no longer keep up with the request attempts. Also, notice the different parameters we see inside each HTTP OPTIONS request.
Example of HTTP session exchange using Cloudscraper HTTP-OPTIONS flood
The attacker (IP 10.128.0.2) opens a TCP connection with the server (IP 10.0.0.2) by completing a TCP handshake. Then, the client sends 1 single HTTP OPTIONS request to the server. The server then responds with an “HTTP 403 Forbidden” message and the client closes the connection. Note the “DYNAMIC” value in the CF-Cach-Status header of the HTTP response – which indicates that the HTTP request was delivered to the origin server by the CDN protection service. This means that a TCP connection was opened with the actual origin server and that HTTP packets were exchanged between the client and the server through the CDN service.
Example traffic stats
The traffic capture file analyzed is around 9 seconds long while it contains an average of 602 PPS (packets per second), with an average traffic rate of 0.6 Mbps (considered low, the attack you are analyzing could be significantly higher).
Analysis of Cloudscraper HTTP-OPTIONS Flood in WireShark – Filters
“http” filter – Will show all http related packets.
“http.request.method == <Method_Name>” – Will show the HTTP method requests type we are looking for.
It will be important to review the user agent and other HTTP header structures as well as the timing of each request to understand the attack underway.
Download example PCAP of Cloudscraper HTTP-OPTIONS Flood attack
*Note: the IP addresses in this file have been randomized to ensure privacy.
